Written on the Heart
A few years ago, I was asked to write a book for the Grassmarket Press series by Crown and Covenant. The series:
aims to provide readable resources on Reformed and Presbyterian theology and practice-for regular people.
My book, Written on the Heart: The Law of God releases two weeks from today and is available to preorder in both the US and the UK.
I hope I can genuinely say with J. C. Ryle: "My chief desire in this, and all my writings, is to exalt the Lord Jesus Christ and make Him beautiful and glorious in the eyes of men".
While we Scots-Irish tend to be loathe to engage in any sort of self-promotion, I've promised readers that, in order to save space in the book, I would include a full bibliography on this website. But before that I'll share some of the endorsements that folk have been kind enough to write.
Endorsements
Greek mythology contains the story of Scylla and Charybdis: sea captains had to choose between sailing between the multi-headed sea monster and the deadly whirlpool. Navigate too closely to either and destruction was certain. As it relates to the law of God, Christians must likewise navigate between the "rock" of legalism, and the "hard place" of antinomianism. My friend Stephen Steele's helpful introduction to the law of God will greatly aid us as we carefully set our sails towards the safe harbor of Christian obedience and fidelity to God's good and right commands.
—Matthew Everhard, senior pastor, Gospel Fellowship PCA
Confusion abounds on the topic of God's law. Errors of legalism and antinomianism, ever present in the life of the church, are particularly rampant today. Stephen Steele deftly avoids both errors leading us to rightly delight in the law of God. Especially important is the helpful defence of the threefold division of the law (moral, ceremonial, judicial) and the articulation of the abiding nature of the Sabbath command.
—Donald John MacLean, president, Westminster Seminary, UK
In the history of the Christian church it is clear that every Christian needs an understanding of God's law. It is embedded in all of our reformed catechisms and confessions. So many of our problems as twenty-first-century Christians stem from not knowing and loving God's law. Stephen Steele to the rescue!
He understands the need and writes in an accessible and enthusiastic manner; he's a gifted writer. I hope you will enjoy and benefit from this book as much as I have.
—Paul Levy, minister, International Presbyterian Church, Ealing, London
A superb primer on God's law that simply explains the crucial balance of law and gospel in the plan of salvation and the life of the believer. Laden with quotations from our Reformed heritage and memorable illustrations, Steele safely navigates the reader through the minefield of antinomianism and legalism, dispensationalism, theonomy, and new covenant theology—clearly defining and charitably responding to each. Concise and clear, yet remarkable in its scope, Written on the Heart will help you not only understand, but sing the psalmist's chorus, "oh, how I love your law!"
—David G. Whitla, professor of church history, Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh
I have thoroughly enjoyed reading Stephen Steele's book on God's law in the life of the believer and the Church. When churches teach about the role of God's law in shaping the lives of believers they are often accused of legalism—a charge which can be as intimidating as it is ill-informed. This short study is a timely and helpful resource which informs and encourages. It draws on the rich reflections of previous ages to address the challenges of our age. With many insightful and compelling illustrations it is a compelling read for Christians today.
—Andrew Stewart, lecturer, Systematic Theology, Reformed Theological College, Melbourne, Australia.
Written on the Heart addresses the continuing debate-and disagreement— over the role of the Ten Commandments in society and Christian life. Warmly, clearly and persuasively it demonstrates that the Ten Commandments are God's will for today, showing us our need of a Saviour and teaching us how to live as his people. It's just the kind of book I'd want to put into the hands of folks in my congregation and say, "Here's a great book on God's law" I pray that it will do much good.
—David Campbell, pastor, North Preston Evangelical Church, trustee, Banner of Truth
Warmly, simply, and persuasively, Stephen Steele offers a gracious argument for the enduring beauty and value of the moral law of God. With careful logic and apt illustrations, he makes his compelling case. Those who fundamentally agree with him will be helpfully confirmed in their convictions; those who do not will find a probing challenge to their thinking.
—Jeremy Walker, pastor, Maidenbower Baptist Church, Crawley, UK, book review editor, Banner of Truth magazine
Stephen Steele has provided, in this little book, extremely valuable insights into "the law" as it is defined and understood in both Old and New Testaments. He astutely handles the misunderstandings that have arisen, and points the reader to the place of the moral law in the life of the believer who has been saved by grace. This volume is a little gem which should be read by every Christian whose ambition is to please Jesus Christ his Saviour in all things.
—Robert McCollum, principal, Reformed Theological College, Belfast
Bibliography
Books
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——— The true doctrine of justification asserted, and vindicated, from the errours of papists, arminians, socinians, and more especially antinomians (London, 1647).
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Clowney, Edmund P., with Rebecca Clowney Jones, How Jesus transforms the ten commandments (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2007).
Colquhoun, John, A treatise on the law and the gospel, ed. Don Kistler (Grand Rapids, MI: Soli Deo Gloria, 1999).
Crowe, Brandon D., The path of faith: A biblical theology of covenant and law (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2021).
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——— The ten commandments: what they mean, why they matter, and why we should obey them (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2018).
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Engelbrecht, Edward A., Friends of the law: Luther’s use of the law for the Christian (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2011).
Fairbairn, Patrick et. al., Divine revelation explained and vindicated: a course of lectures for the times, delivered in Glasgow in the spring of 1866 (Glasgow: David Bryce & Co., 1866).
——— The revelation of law in Scripture, considered with respect both to its own nature, and to its relative place in successive dispensations (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1869).
Feinberg, John S. (ed.), Continuity and discontinuity: perspectives on the relationship between the old and new Testaments: essays in honor of S. Lewis Johnson, Jr. (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1988).
Fentiman, Travis, 1 Corinthians 11 head-coverings are not perpetual and were hair-buns, with or without cloth material: proven (RBO, 2022) <https://reformedbooksonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Fentiman-Travis-1-Corinthians-Head-Coverings-are-Not-Perpetual-and-they-were-Hair-Buns-with-or-without-Material-Proven.pdf>.
Ferguson, Sinclair B., The Holy Spirit (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996).
——— The sermon on the mount: kingdom life in a fallen world (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1987).
——— The whole Christ: legalism, antinomianism, and gospel assurance—why the marrow controversy still matters (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016).
Fesko, John V., The theology of the Westminster standards: historical context and theological insights (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2014).
Fisher, Edward, The marrow of modern divinity: in two parts, with notes by the Rev. Thomas Boston, minister of the gospel, Ettrick (Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, n. d.).
Ford, Simon, The spirit of bondage and adoption: largely and practically handled, with reference to the way and manner of working both those effects; and the proper cases of conscience belonging to them both (London: Sa. Gellibrand, 1655).
Gaffin, Richard B., Jr., Calvin and the sabbath (Fearn, Ross-shire: Christian Focus Publications, 1998).
Gamble, Whitney, Christ and the law: antinomianism at the Westminster assembly (Grand Rapids, MI: Reformation Heritage Books, 2018).
Gataker, Thomas, Antinomianism discovered and confuted and free grace as it is held forth in God’s word: as well as by the prophets in the old testament, as by the apostles and Christ himself in the new, shewed to be other then is by the antinomian-party in these times maintained (London: Printed by T.R. and E.M., 1652).
Gentry, Peter J., and Stephen J. Wellum, Kingdom through covenant: a biblical-theological understanding of the covenants, (2nd edn, Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2018).
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Grant, Jamie, The king as exemplar: the function of Deuteronomy’s kingship law in the shaping of the book of Psalms (Atlanta: SBL, 2004).
Gundry, Stanley N. (ed.), Five views on law and gospel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999).
Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe, Paul’s second epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962).
Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe, A commentary on the epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977).
Kevan, Ernest F., The grace of law: a study in Puritan theology (London: Carey Kingsgate Press, 1964).
Kidner, Derek, Jeremiah (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 1987).
Knight, George W., The Pastoral Epistles: a commentary on the Greek text (Carlisle: Paternoster Press, 1992).
Lewis, C. S., Essay collection and other short pieces, ed. Lesley Walmsley (London: HarperCollins, 2000).
Lewis, C. S., Reflections on the Psalms (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958).
Linebaugh, Jonathan A. (ed.), God’s two words: law and gospel in the Lutheran and Reformed traditions (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2018).
Long, Gary D., New covenant theology: time for a more accurate way (self-published, 2013).
Luther, Martin, Only the decalogue is eternal: Martin Luther’s complete antinomian theses and disputations ed. and trans. Holger Sonntag (Lutheran Press, MN: 2008).
——— Luther’s Works, Vol. 26: Lectures on Galatians, 1535, Chapters 1-4, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald, and Helmut T. Lehmann (Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999).
——— How Christians should regard Moses in Luther’s Works, vol. 35: Word and Sacrament i, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald, and Helmut T. Lehmann (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1999).
Machen, J. Gresham, What Is Faith? (Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1925).
Mackay, John L., The Moral Law: its place in Scripture and its relevance today (Newcastle upon Tyne: The Christian Institute, 2004).
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McConville, J. G., Deuteronomy (Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 2002).
McEwen, William, The glory and fullness of Jesus Christ: in the most remarkable types, figures, and allegories of the Old Testament, ed. Gordon J. Keddie (Grand Rapids: Reformation Heritage Books, 2022).
Millar, J. Gary, Now Choose Life: Theology and Ethics in Deuteronomy (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1998).
Moo, Douglas J., The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996).
Motyer, Alec, 6 ways the Old Testament speaks today: an interactive guide (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016).
Murray, David P., Jesus on every page: 10 simple ways to seek and find Christ in the Old Testament (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2013).
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Murray, John, Collected Writings: 2. Systematic Theology (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1977).
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Ortlund, Ray, Marriage and the mystery of the gospel (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016).
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Packer, J. I., Keeping the Ten Commandments (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2008).
Perkins, William, The Works of William Perkins, ed. J. Stephen Yuille (Grand Rapids, MI: Reformation Heritage Books, 2014).
Petto, Samuel, The difference Between the old and new covenant stated and explained (London: Eliz. Calvert, 1674).
Poythress, Vern S., The shadow of Christ in the law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1991).
Randall, Andrew M., Following Jesus: the essentials of Christian discipleship (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 2019).
Reisinger, John G., Abraham’s Four Seeds: a biblical examination of the presuppositions of Covenant Theology and Dispensationalism (New Covenant Media, 1998).
Reisinger, John G., Christ, Lord and lawgiver over the church (New Covenant Media, 1998).
Rhodes, Jonty, Raiding the lost ark: recovering the gospel of the covenant king (Nottingham: Inter-varsity Press, 2013).
Roberts, Francis, Mysterium & medulla Bibliorum the mysterie and marrow of the Bible: viz. God's covenant with man in the first Adam before the fall, and in the last Adam, Jesus Christ, after the fall, from the beginning to the end of the world (London: George Calvert, 1657).
Robertson, O. Palmer, The Christ of the Covenants (Phillipsburgh, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1980).
Ross, Philip S., From the finger of God: the biblical and theological basis for the threefold division of the law (Ross-shire: Christian Focus, 2010).
Rutherford, Samuel, A survey of the spirituall antichrist opening the secrets of familisme and antinomianisme (London: Andrew Crooke, 1648).
Rutherford, Samuel, The covenant of life opened, or, a treatise of the covenant of grace (London: Robert Brown, 1655).
Schaff, Philip, The creeds of Christendom, with a history and critical notes: the evangelical Protestant creeds, with translations (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1882).
Schreiner, Thomas R., 40 questions about Christians and biblical law (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2010).
Scrivener, Glen, The air we breathe: how we all came to believe in freedom, kindness, progress, and equality (n.p.: The Good Book Company, 2022).
Spurgeon, Charles H., Lectures to my students (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 2008 [1875]).
Stewart, Alexander, The tree of promise; or, the Mosaic economy a dispensation of the covenant of grace (Edinburgh: William P. Kennedy, 1864).
Stott, John, Issues Christians Face (4th edn, Zondervan, 2006).
Symington, Andrew, Elements of divine truth: a series of lectures on Christian theology (Edinburgh: Johnstone and Hunter, 1854).
Symington, William, On the Atonement and Intercession of Jesus Christ (2nd edn, Edinburgh: William Whyte, 1834).
Trueman, Carl, Luther on the Christian Life: cross and freedom (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2015).
Twisse, William, Of the morality of the fourth commandment as still in force to bind Christians (London: John Rothwell, 1641).
Ussher, James, A body of divinity: or, the sum and substance of Christian religion (8th edn, London: Jonathan Robinson, 1702).
Venema, Cornelius P., Christ & Covenant theology (Phillipsburgh, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2017).
Vos, Geerhardus, Biblical theology: Old and New Testaments (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2003).
Vos, Geerhardus, The self-disclosure of Jesus: the modern debate about the messianic consciousness, ed. Johannes G. Vos, (2nd edn, Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2002).
Warfield, Benjamin B., The power of God unto salvation (Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1903).
Waters, Guy P., The Sabbath as rest and hope for the people of God (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2022).
Weemes [Wemyss], John, An exposition of the ceremonial lawes of Moses (London, 1632).
——— An exposition of the judicial laws of Moses (London, 1632).
——— An exposition of the Morall Law or Ten Commandments of Almightie God, set down by way of exercitations (1632?).
Wells, Tom, The priority of Jesus Christ (New Covenant Media, 2005).
Wellum, Stephen J., and Brent E. Parker (eds), Progressive covenantalism: charting a course between dispensational and covenantal theologies (Nashville, TN: B&H Academic, 2016).
Williamson, Paul, Sealed with an oath: covenant in God’s unfolding purpose (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007).
Willis, Jonathan, The reformation of the decalogue: religious identity and the ten commandments in England, c. 1485-1625 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Witsius, Herman, The economy of the covenants between God and man: comprehending a complete body of divinity, trans. by William Crookshank (2 vols, London: T. Tegg & Son, 1837), ii.
Book Chapters and Articles
Arnold, Jonathan W., ‘The British antinomian controversies’ in Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society, xxv, no. 49 (2012), 37–53.
Block, Daniel I., ‘The grace of Torah: the Mosaic prescription for life (Deut. 4:1–8; 6:20–25)’ in Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, xlviii, no. 1 (2005), 3–22.
Challies, Tim, ‘O how I love the law’ (https://www.challies.com/articles/oh-how-i-love-the-law/).
Clark, R. S., ‘Why Reformed folk become Lutheran’ (https://heidelblog.net/2023/02/why-reformed-folk-become-lutheran/) (19 May 2026).
Combs, William W., ‘Paul, the law and dispensationalism’ in Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal, xviii (2013), 19–39.
Cranfield, C. E. B., ‘St. Paul and the law’ in Scottish Journal of Theology, xvii, no. 1 (1964), 43–68.
Dorsey, David A., ‘The law of Moses and the Christian: a compromise’ in Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, xxxiv, no. 3 (1991), 321–34.
Duncan, J. L., ‘A confessional Presbyterian in The Gospel Coalition’ (https://ligonduncan.com/a-confessional-presbyterian-in-the-gospel-coalition/).
——— ‘Moses’ law for modern government: the intellectual and sociological origins of the Christian Reconstructionist movement’ (https://reformed.org/ethics/moses-law-for-modern-government-the-intellectual-and-sociological-origins-of-the-christian-reconstructionist-movement-by-j-ligon-duncan-iii/)
Edwards, Jonathan, ‘The perpetuity and change of the Sabbath’ in Jonathan Edwards, Sermons and discourses, 1730–1733, ed. Mark Valeri, The Works of Jonathan Edwards, xvii (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1999), 217–50.
Fairbairn, Patrick, ‘The Sabbath. Part III.’ in Christian Miscellany, i, no. 10 (5 Mar. 1842), 75-8.
Gaffin, R. B., ‘Pentecost: before and after’ in Kerux: Northwest Theological Journal, x, no. 2 (1995), 3–24.
Hwang, Jerry, ‘What is new about the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31)?’ (https://www.crossway.org/articles/what-is-new-about-the-new-covenant-jeremiah-31/).
Jones, Mark, ‘Adam broke 10 commandments in the garden’ (https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/adam-broke-all-ten-commandment.php). ——— ‘Legalism(s)’ (https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/legalism-and-its-various-types.php).
——— ‘Reformed theological diversity (lots of it)’ (https://reformation21.org/reformed-theological-diversity-php/).
——— ‘The Westminster divines were compromisers’ (https://www.reformation21.org/blogs/the-westminster-divines-were-c.php).
Kaiser, Walter, ‘The old promise and the new covenant: Jeremiah 31:31–34’ in Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, xv, no. 1 (1972), 11–23.
Kaufman, Stephen A., ‘The structure of Deuteronomic law’ in Maarav, i, no. 2 (1979), 105–58.
Kevan, Ernest F., ‘The law and the covenants—a study in John Ball’ in J. I. Packer (ed.), Puritan papers: 1956–1959, i (Phillipsburg, N.J., P&R Publishing, 2000), 19–32.
Lehrer, Steve and Geoff Volker, ‘Examining the imputation of the active obedience of Christ: a study in Calvinistic sacred cow-ism’ (https://allthingsnewcovenant.com/2018/11/02/examining-the-imputation-of-the-active-obedience-of-christ-a-study-in-calvinistic-sacred-cow-ism/).
Munoz, Michael G., ‘Creation ordinances and culture’ (M.A. thesis, Reformed Theological Seminary, 2004).
Murray, John, ‘Appendix D: Romans 14:5 and the weekly Sabbath’ in The epistle to the Romans: the English text with introduction, exposition and notes (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1968).
——— ‘Under grace’ in Christianity Today, viii (1938), 183.
Piper, John, ‘Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy’ (https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/remember-the-sabbath-day-to-keep-it-holy).
Poon, Song-En, ‘Samuel Rutherford’s doctrine of sanctification and seventeenth century antinomianism’ in Foundations, lxxix (2020).
Ramsey, D. P., ‘In defense of Moses’ in Westminster Theological Journal, lxvi, no. 2 (2004), 373–400.
Reisinger, John G., ‘An open letter to Dr. R.C. Sproul’ (https://charnockianlogic.blogspot.com/2016/09/an-open-letter-to-dr-rc-sproul-by-john.html).
Renihan, James M., ‘Caterpillars and butterflies: a review of New Covenant Theology by Tom Wells and Fred Zaspel’ in Reformation Today, cxcv (195) (Sept.–Oct. 2003), 23–6.
Ross, Philip S., ‘The law of God: preaching the law as competent ministers of a new covenant’ in William R. Edwards, John C. A. Ferguson and Chad Van Dixhoorn (eds), Theology for ministry: how doctrine affects pastoral life and practice (Phillipsburgh, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2022).
Scaer, David P., ‘Justification as the starting point of doing theology?’ in Concordia Theological Quarterly, lxxxiv, no. 3–4 (2020), 265–78.
Schreiner, Thomas R., ‘Whose commandments are these? The Ten Words and the new covenant’ (https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/whose-commandments-are-these).
Smethurst, Matt, ‘Why don’t Christians keep the Jewish law?’ (https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/why-dont-christians-keep-jewish-law).
Spurgeon, Charles H., ‘The wondrous covenant’ (https://ccel.org/ccel/spurgeon/sermons58/sermons58.xliv.html).
Stanton, Graham N., ‘The law of Moses and the law of Christ—Galatians 3.1–6.2’ in James D. G. Dunn (ed.), Paul and the Mosaic law (Tübingen, 1996), 99–116.
——— ‘What is the law of Christ’ in Studies in Matthew and early Christianity, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, cx (110) (Tübingen, 1998).
Stewart, Andrew, ‘The pastoral value of the Ten Commandments’ in Reformed Theological Journal, xxi (2005), 40–59.
Swain, Scott R., ‘New covenant theologies’ in G. P. Waters, J. N. Reid and John R. Muether (eds), Covenant theology: biblical, theological, and historical perspectives (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2020).
The Master's Seminary Journal, xviii, no. 2 (2007) [Special issue: New Covenant Theology].
Waltke, Bruce K., ‘A Janus Decalogue of laws from homicide to sexuality (Deuteronomy 22:1–12)’ in Justin S. Holcomb and Glenn Lucke (eds), For the world: essays in honor of Richard L. Pratt Jr. (Phillipsburg, N.J., P&R Publishing, 2014).
Walton, John H., ‘Deuteronomy: an exposition of the spirit of the law’ in Grace Theological Journal, viii, no. 2 (1987), 213–25.
Warfield, Benjamin B., ‘The foundations of the Sabbath in the word of God’ in John E. Meeter (ed.), Selected shorter writings, i (Phillipsburg, N.J., P&R Publishing, 1970), 308–24.
Waters, Guy P., ‘Paul and the law’ (https://www.reformation21.org/articles/paul-and-the-law.php) (19 May 2026).
——— ‘Romans 10:5 and the covenant of works’ in Bryan D. Estelle, J. V. Fesko and David VanDrunen (eds), The law is not of faith: essays on works and grace in the Mosaic covenant (Phillipsburg, N.Y., 2009).
——— ‘The law of God’ in Derek W. H. Thomas and John W. Tweedale (eds), John Calvin: for a new reformation (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2019).
Wellum, Stephen J., ‘Progressive covenantalism and new covenant theology’ (https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/progressive-covenantalism-and-new-covenant-theology).
Wilbur, David, ‘The law of Moses vs. The law of Christ? (Galatians 6:2; 1 Corinthians 9:21)’ (https://davidwilber.com/articles/the-law-of-moses-vs-the-law-of-christ).
Wilson, Todd A., ‘The law of Christ and the law of Moses: reflections on a recent trend in interpretation’ in Currents in Biblical Research, v, no. 1 (2006), 123–44.
Wright, Christopher J. H., ‘Preaching from the law’ in Grenville J. R. Kent, Paul J. Kissling and Laurence A. Turner (eds), Reclaiming the Old Testament for Christian preaching (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2010).
Zaspel, Fred G., ‘Divine law: a new covenant perspective’ in Reformation & Revival, vi, no. 3 (1997), 143–66.
——— ‘New covenant theology and the mosaic law: a theological and exegetical analysis of Matthew 5:17–20’ (https://theologue.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/nct-mosaiclaw-fredzaspel.pdf).
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